Chiquinha Gonzaga was a pioneer in both her professional and social life. She was the first female composer, conductor, performer, music teacher and writer in Brazil to live by her professional work. Born in Rio de Janeiro during the time of Brazilian monarchy and slavery, she faced the prejudices of a patriarchal and sexist society. She fought for social independence and actively participated in the abolitionist and republican movements.

Chiquinha Gonzaga was a composer of great success in a time when there was no law to protect the composer’s rights. She created the first society for copyright protection in Brazil: the Brazilian Society of Theatrical Authors (SBAT). She was also the first pianist to be part of a choro ensemble, the first female conductor in Brazil, a strong supporter of social equality, she joined the abolitionist movement that led to the end of slavery in Brazil in 1888.

Gonzaga composed many pieces, included 77 works for the stage. Over 300 of her compositions, blending Brazilian and European musical traditions, were published during her lifetime. Her courage and determination made her a personality ahead of her time.

Source: Wikipedia